Animal Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Basic entitlements - Research Paper Example A school of debaters of basic entitlements guarantee that whether creature ought to have rights ought to be settled on which qualities of creatures have been thought about. Be that as it may, frequently a portion of the debaters neglect to consider animals’ rights in term of individual. Clearly animals’ rights ought to be considered according to human beings’ government assistance of improvement. Likely, simply moral points of view will always be unable to arrive at any consistent resolution. To be sure, the endeavor to incorporate individual in the issue of basic entitlements is discussed, since certain individuals accept that consideration of human-creature relationship into the discussion on creature right damages virtue of ethicality of rights. For sure, such an inclination neglects to consider the way that the topic of creature right emerges the very clash of human enthusiasm with animals’. In this way, any endeavor to choose whether creatures ought t o have rights and (if yes) what rights creatures ought to have requirements to think about human-creature relationship. Fundamentally, if man-creature relationship along the recently referenced components is mulled over, debaters can arrive at a resolution which probably won't be the consistent, yet will end up being compelling useful for creatures and furthermore for mankind. Without a doubt any moral choice about basic entitlements from a man-creature relationship viewpoint, in the absolute in front of the pack, awards creatures to have rights, since absence of animals’ rights jeopardizes the creatures as well as the human life on earth. A Brief History of Animal’s Rights Though the discussions on creature right started to retain heat during the 21 century, it has a root in the old way of thinking. The â€Å"Book of Genesis† says that God has given Adam territory over â€Å"the fish of the ocean, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cows, and over all t he earth, and over each crawling thing that creepeth upon the earth.† (Francione, 1996, p. 45) A doctrine strictness probably perspectives such articulation as the awesome statement of man’s directly over creature as the ownership of material property. Be that as it may, an increasingly liberal view on this doctrinal declaration thinks about that man’s territory over set of all animals doesn't really induce that man is the savage usurper or exploiter of collective of animals (Francione, 1996, pp. 42-46). Or maybe he is the earnest gatekeeper of creatures and he should recognize what creatures ought to have what rights. Besides, the acclaimed savant, Pythagoras contends that creatures ought to reserve the privilege to be regarded on the grounds that their spirits are resurrected from human spirits and the other way around. In fact, Pythagoras’s contention is for the most part doctrinal; so it should be approved from any moral point of view. Indeed, even Ari stotle likewise supported such doctrinal view about creature right; however he holds a view which is inverse to Pythagoras’. He gets a kick out of the chance to see people and creatures on the equivalent ‘Great Chain of Being’. To be sure, Since Aristotle’s see is additionally attached with an inflexible moral system, it can't enlighten much concerning what man ought to do when man’s right and creature right clash with one another (Fellenz, 2007, pp.34-45) In current Europe, the idea of creature right started to develop during the late eighteenth century. Arthur Schopenhauer (1998), who was a German scholar, was an extraordinary supporter of this the improvement of the idea of creature directly in England. In spite of the fact that he bolsters man’s practice of eating meat, he valued the possibility of creature right: â€Å"awakening increasingly more to a feeling that mammoths have rights, in extent as the unusual idea is in effect step by step

Essay Writing For College Students - A Review

Essay Writing For College Students - A ReviewEssay writing for college students is quite different from those written by college graduates. These are often more academically challenging, requiring a more thorough preparation. That preparation is carried out in the proper preparation areas of the essay.The second part of writing an essay for college students is that of the introduction. Essays for college students are frequently longer and more detailed than their counterparts, as the students' level of familiarity with college subjects is quite high. In this first section, the writer sets the tone of the paper, setting up the topic in broad strokes. As a consequence, the introduction must have careful attention to detail. This attention to detail is best shown through the use of precise grammar and using the correct spellings for College English.Writing an essay for college students should always begin with an argument, clearly stated and backed up by examples. The writer will need e xamples for several reasons. To start, an example will add credibility to the argument, as will emphasize that the writer knows a little something about the topic being discussed.To be able to work the essay successfully, the reader needs to feel as if they are the sole recipient of the writer's individual research experience. The writer of the essay must have an interest in the topic and should be fully versed in the subject matter. If not, the reader needs to be able to know where the writer will land in his or her thinking process, whether it is skeptical or accepting of his or her abilities.There are several effective strategies that can be used to make the essay more interesting and also readable for college students. By focusing on the objective of the essay, the writer should not hesitate to present facts and figures, preferably in context, so as to enhance the reader's understanding of the writer's argument. Focusing on relevance and effectiveness is the most important part of essay writing for college students.Because essay writing for college students is a structured exercise, it is important to give careful attention to the organization of the paragraphs. The order of the sentences and the introduction should be clear and the argument as well. While at the same time, the writing should remain simple and appealing to the typical readers.The first paragraph of an essay for college students should be made first and even with no distractions, readers will be turned off. The writer should also put a statement about themselves in the introduction, because this is the only way that the reader will realize how important he or she is in the essay. That thought is crucial, especially for a student who intends to use the essay as a statement of conviction, as one would with a thesis statement.The writer should avoid a written style that is 'wordy'mumbled,' because this is something that works against the ability to make the writing listenable. In addition, it is important to find a personal voice, as well as a unique perspective.

Research Essay Writing - Tips on Writing a Research Essay

Research Essay Writing - Tips on Writing a Research EssayThe research essay writing is not all that easy to do. It is a process which requires someone to spend a lot of time in the form of researching and analyzing. In fact it can be a tedious process which also requires patience.Before you embark on the task of writing a research essay, make sure that you have completed your assignments for the last few semesters. These assignments are very important as they will help you understand the methods that can be used to write a research essay. You should also know what the subject of the essay is because it will help you determine what materials to use.One of the important parts of a research essay is a general introduction. This should be prepared well to get the reader's attention and help them gain an understanding of the content of the essay.Another key part of a research essay is a brief history of the topic. A brief history will help the reader know what the topic is all about and h ow they relate to other topics. This will also make them more comfortable with the content.Lastly, a research essay must contain data. The data must be based on facts that are genuine and accurate. This information should be collected from reputable sources and should be presented in a clear manner.Once all the research has been done, it is important to present the data in a logical and factual conclusions. In fact, you should also include citations that can help other people find the original sources.You must also remember that an objective research paper should give the reader something new instead of just rehashing previous experiences. Remember, a good research essay is one that teaches.If you need to write a research essay, make sure that you follow these tips and prepare yourself well before you start. You should also try to keep your research focused on your target audience.

The Opinions of Russell and Stone and the Servant Leadership Features Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Effective leaders will always involve the workers to play an active part in all the important processes, including the decision-making process, thereby empowering them. Empowerment is a key part of Servant leadership and this was discussed by Russel and Stone, who stated: empowerment involves the process of entrusting others - it is to invest with power or to authorize . This empowerment can be maximally made during the decision making process. Decisions are made to achieve a specific outcome, and in the case of a business organisation, such an outcome is intended to be in line with the purpose and business of the organisation (Sitkin). Carlzon (1989) supporting Russel and Stone brings the empowerment perspective by stating that a sheer number of decisions made with the aid of the employees will empower them, thereby conveying these decisions throughout the company. In opposite to Russel and Stone s views, Shiller (1990) state that empowerment processes may not turn out well, eithe r because the factors that were considered when the decisions were made were wrong or have changed, or including overt interference of the leader. We will write a custom essay sample on The Opinions of Russell and Stone and the Servant Leadership Features or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This perspective of learning organisation was validated by Senge (1990, p. 3) who stated, Organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire and where people are continually learning to see the whole together. Pedler as part of this reason only adopted the term "company" rather than "organisation", which they consider impersonal.

A Interview On My Professional Journey Goes On Developing...

It has been said, â€Å"pulling a good network together takes effort, sincerity and time† (Collins quoted in Jones-Kaminski, 2014). For the same reason that cogs do not function on their own, people cannot spin their own gears to a productive end without other individuals to connect with. Truly, who you know matters as much, if not more than what you know! The most brilliant scientist requires a network in which to publish their findings. Similarly, however talented, a musician needs a network in which to sell, distribute, and preform their work. As my professional journey goes on, developing and managing a strong network of people around me will be of paramount importance. I do not anticipate remaining in my current organization long-term and I can utilize my network to hone my abilities and demonstrate them to the industry at large. In the years ahead, I must work to better understand how to utilize my network, keep my image visible and consistent to that network, and connec t with a mentor who can challenge me and help me advance my career. The Role of Networking in My Life The power of networking changed my life just two years go and managed correctly, stands to do so again in the future. While attending North Carolina State University and embroiled in the months-long process of proving state residency, I received a phone call from a person I had worked with briefly a few years before. We had kept in contact and he was now urging me to apply to a position as his associate at aShow MoreRelatedAn Interview of Ngoc T.B. Nguyen: A Woman Entrepreneur1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe entrepreneur The entrepreneur I choose to interview is a well-known and respectable woman in the tourism-hospitality industry in Vietnam. Her name is Ngoc T.B. Nguyen. There are now many different definitions for the word entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, the definition of entrepreneur as the ‘risk taker’ might be the one that suits her best. Born in 1963, this woman has spent more than 10 years in the Tourist industry and has since then been an inspirational model for many young adults inRead MoreSuccession Planning for Multi-Faceted Enterprises and Organizations9891 Words   |  40 Pagesï » ¿Succession Planning for Multi-Faceted Enterprises and Organizations OM ACKNOWLEDGMENT The journey to this point in my academic career has been a long one, and challenging, however I am successful. A number of people have effortlessly contributed to my success, and I take this opportunity to thank them. First, it is with great honor that I thank my academic adviser†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. He/she took on the obligation of advising me in my post coursework and exam completion, while I was in the university. His/her xxxxxxxxxRead MoreThe Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mainstream Journalism21031 Words   |  85 Pagesjournalistic practice; telling stories with the audience 4.1 Robert Peston (BBC): Peston’s Picks blog 4.2 Jemima Kiss (Guardian): Twitter and technology 4.3 Additional perspectives on changing journalistic practice 5. The nature and importance of social networks for journalism 5.1 Popularity and usage 5.2 Changing nature of recommendation 5.3 Business models and the future of the social web 6. Conclusions and implications for mainstream organisations Bibliography and acknowledgments 1 Summary TheRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pagesinvestments (2007) Stock exchanges for smaller companies Illustrations of incubation for entrepreneurship Infrastructure: Deï ¬ cit and Eleventh Plan targets 34 41 43 43 47 66 83 List of Boxes Box 4.1 Box 4.2 Box 4.3 : Mutual Credit Guarantee : Network Enterprises Fund : Angel Investment - Illustrations 37 38 39 40 72 77 84 85 Box 4.4 : Venture Capital Deals - Illustrations Box 6.1 : Doing Business in India Indicators Box 6.2 : Best Practices in India Box 6.3 : PPP in India Box 6.4 : PackageRead MoreBackground Inditex, One of the Worlds Largest Fashion Distributors, Has Eight Major Sales Formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 Stores in 70100262 Words   |  402 PagesThey say that the process of completing a PhD is a journey. For me it has been a long and trice interrupted journey, and I would be lying if I said that I wasn’t happy that it is finally coming towards its end. Still, I have always felt incredibly privileged to be able to travel this road and I’m deeply grateful towards all the people who have contributed to make it possible. First of all I’d like to express my gratitude to Thomas Lindhqvist, my excellent supervisor, who offered me the opportunityRead MoreYamaha Motorcycles Is Innovation the Main Dr iver for Sustaining Competitive Advantage?21109 Words   |  85 PagesCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 3.4.0 BUYER BEHAVIOUR 3.4.1 DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION WITHIN BUYER BEHAVIOUR 3.5.0 PROPOSITIONS 4.0 METHODOLOGY 4.1.0 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 4.1.1 QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE 4.2.0 DATA COLLECTION METHOD 4.2.1 PRIMARY RESEARCH INTERVIEW METHOD 4.3.0 SAMPLE AND PARTICIPANTS 4.4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 4.4.1 CODE LIST AND THEMES 5.0 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 5.1.0 PROPOSITION 1 – BUYER BEHAVIOUR: THE EXISTENCE OF A PROCESS 5.1.1 INNOVATIVE DESIGN 5.1.2 AFFORDABILITYRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageshelps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London MadridRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesSetting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 Critical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Read MoreOrganisational Analysis11011 Words   |  45 Pages6.0 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 8.0 APPENDIX†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 1.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter gives a brief but general insight into the bank, its branch network, departments, mission and vision, services and products. The researcher’s unit or area of influence will also be described. 1.1 BACKGROUND Zenith Bank Plc is a Nigerian bank based in Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria. It was established in MayRead MoreHuman Resource Development at 3m7996 Words   |  32 Pagesconducted a study on 3M  Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company in American  multinational  conglomerate industry. The objective of our study was to find out the effectiveness of Human Resource development at 3M. We went to 3M and conducted an interview from the officials of the organization and gained an insight of what is actually the role of Human Resource development is at 3M. 3M is a global technology company delivering innovative solutions to lifes everyday needs. 3M serves customers through

Andrew Jacksons Presidency Essay - 524 Words

Andrew Jackson was like no other president before him. The previous presidents had one thing in common, they were all part of the founding fathers or in John Quincy Adam’s case was the son of a founding father. However Jackson was a plantation owner from the west who had no connections with the government. He also had different views from other presidents that made his presidency unique. Two things that separated Andrew Jackson’s presidency from previous presidencies were he reached out to the common people and he was disapproving of the Bank of United States. One of the ways Andrew Jackson was different than the previous presidents was he connected with the common people. During his second election Jackson won by speaking to the middle-†¦show more content†¦Unlike the 1824 election Jackson won his presidency by the people’s voted and not the votes of the government. Even after he won the election he started the spoil system, where he threw out former appointees and replaced them with his friends. He also gave jobs to the Jacksonians, average citizens who were loyal to him. The Jacksonians became his primary advisors and earned their name, the â€Å"kitchen cabinet† because they would come into the White House through the kitchen. Jackson’s election brought a new style to campaigning. Another reason why Andrew Jackson’s presidency was different was because of his attack on the Bank of the United States. In 1832, Andrew Jackson vetoed the bill to recharter the bank. Jackson believed the bank had an unfair advantage over the other banks. The national bank would get all the federal tax revenues instead of the state or private banks. Also the bank’s president, Nicholas Biddle would extend loans to the men in the congress at lower rates of interest than he would do to regular people. Because Jackson thought the bank was unjust he took away its federal charter and the bank became a state bank. Jackson appointed a secretary of treasury after his reelection in 1832. The secretary of treasury placed all government funds in certain state banks, otherwise known as the pet banks. The national bank became the Philadelphia bank for a while until it went out of business. To conclude Andrew Jackson’s presidency wasShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Andrew Jacksons Pol icies and Presidency659 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Andrew Jacksons Policies and Presidency Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829-1837. Nicknamed Old Hickory, he left an indelible imprint on the nation that extends beyond his face adorning the twenty dollar bill. Jackson split the preexisting Republican Party into the Whig and Democratic Parties, establishing the dual-party structure that exists today. He was the first president who came from a rural, deep Southern background (he was born in the rustic woods of South Carolina)Read MoreAndrew Jacksons Presidency: Inefficient or Efficient?651 Words   |  3 PagesThe President of the United States is one of the most powerful officials. The seventh president of the United States, Andrew Jackson, made the presidency more powerful because he represented the â€Å"common man.† Jackson grew up in the rural parts of South Carolina and when he was thirteen years old, he joined the army at during the American Revolution War. Jackson was involved in many wars and became a war hero. He fought in the Americ an Revolution and the War of 1812. After serving at war, he wouldRead More Andrew Jacksons Unruly Rise to the Presidency Essay2467 Words   |  10 Pages Andrew Jacksons Unruly Rise to the Presidency In what many have called the dirtiest presidential election ever, Andrew Jackson reigned supreme over John Quincy Adams in the election of 1828. For the first time in a political campaign, the main focus was to slander the reputation of the opponent. Issues seemed to be disregarded in favor of personal attacks upon the individual. The days of standing for office and remaining silent towards the American public before elections took place wereRead MoreAssess the successes and failures of Andrew Jacksons presidency2230 Words   |  9 Pagestrue representation. However Jacksons success or failure as a president is shown by what he actually did. The thesis of this essay is that despite the variety of issues faced by Jackson he didnt actually bring about much change. This could be interpreted as failure but his legacy as a strong president, as a symbol of US democracy, and also the devotion of the people to him, does perhaps counter the failings. Failure might constitute not meeting ones promises but Jacksons ambiguity and inconsistencyRead MoreNative Americans During Andrew Jackson’s Presidency717 Words   |  3 PagesImagine being taken out of your home and told that you must leave to a new, foreign land and leave the only thing that you know. This is what Native Americans during Andrew Jackson’s presidency had to live through. America was growing rapidly, expanding into the lower south of the U.S. During the 19th century white settlers moving into the area, were faced with Native Americans living on the land. These settlers were looked upon as a major obstacle for expansion of the United States. Driven by goldRead More Andrew Jacksons Presidency And Policies Essay1868 Words   |  8 Pages Andrew Jacksonamp;#8217;s Presidency and Policies nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In American history many acts of cruelty and or unjustified beliefs were acted upon. Some of these events were led by citizens and in some cases, such as the case of Andrew Jackson, led by presidents. Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States of America from 1829-1837.1 His presidency and policies, such as the Indian Removal Act, and his part in The Second Bank of the U.S and South Carolinaamp;#8217;sRead MoreDevelopment of American Society During Andrew Jacksons Presidency957 Words   |  4 PagesFollowing the transformation of the American society after the War of 1812 and preceding the Civil War, the two terms of President Andrew Jackson proved to be a crucial time in the development of American society. Jackson and his supporters convinced themselves, and many Americans, that they were, in fact, protectors of American ideals. In their eyes, they remained true to the roots and foundations of the United States. But, in reality, the D emocratic party of the 1820s and 1830s did quite theRead MoreThe Era Of Andrew Jackson1663 Words   |  7 Pages1301 Mr. Spence November 10, 2015 The Era of Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States, elected in eighteen twenty-eight. Prior to his presidency Andrew Jackson was well known and favored for his success against the British in the war of eighteen-twelve. Upon election, Andrew Jackson became known as the people’s president gaining the majority of electoral votes over his opponent John quincy Adams.Throughout his presidency many events occurred that would shape AmericaRead More Andrew Jackson Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pages There are many things that set Andrew Jackson apart from other presidents. His policies and personality set him apart from most. Although he was the seventh president, he was the first in many ways. Jackson was the first president to be born in a log cabin, and he was the first president to ride on a railroad train. Along with that, he was the only president to serve in both the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Andrew Jackson was also the first to have a vice-presidentRead MoreAndrew Jackson : Good President845 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson helped to provide for a strong protection of popular democracy and individual liberty to the United States. Andrew Jackson known as the people’s president held a strong emotion in the states right’s which advocated to the increase of executive power. President Andrew Jackson was good for his country, because he provided certain decisions that helped form America into a better place than where it was before. President Andrew Jackson showed significant positives

Dan White “The Twinkie Defense” Sample Essay Example For Students

Dan White â€Å"The Twinkie Defense† Sample Essay March 6. 2012 Dan White â€Å"The Twinkie Defense† Nov. 27. 1978 LINDSEY. ROBERT. â€Å"DAN WHITE. KILLER OF SAN FRANCISCO MAYOR. A SUICIDE. † The New York Times. The New York Times. 22 Oct. 1985. Web. 06 White was a Conservative supervisor in San Francisco CA. convicted of the slayings of George Moscone and homosexual Supervisor Harvey Milk 25 old ages ago. The jury stated how Dan White was drugged up on Twinkies. which made sugar travel through his arterias and drove him into a homicidal craze. Peoples who did non believe this â€Å"Twinkie defense† held marks stating â€Å"Eat a Twinkie. perpetrate a slaying. † Most believed that White killed these two because he could non acquire his occupation back felt as if he was betrayed. Common folks thought it was a premeditated slaying since he put an excess 10 slugs into his pockets. White was merely convicted of manslaughter 8 old ages and prison. When he got out he moved off from San Francisco merely to come back a few old ages subsequently and kill himself ; Many say he could non populate with the guilt. Valentine. Carol A. â€Å"The Insanity of the Insanity Defense. † The Insanity of the Insanity Defense ( 1996 ) . Print Valentine writes about the defence and how psychiatrics diagnosed it one stated that â€Å"Diminished capacity† defence. where psychiatric testimony is used to reason that the accused. although clearly sane. still should non be held responsible for his Acts of the Apostless because a â€Å"mental condition† diminished his capacity to harbour the condemnable purpose required for strong belief. Meaning that at the clip because of all the debris nutrient he had consumed his head frame was non that of a world province. So because he had consumed so much debris nutrient taking up to the slayings so the truly could non state. University of Wisconsin Professor of Criminal Law Frank says that â€Å"†In general. it is non at all evident that head-shrinkers know any more than does the layperson about whether the suspect had purpose to kill when the act doing decease was committed. † All that they truly knew was that he was hyped up on debris nutrient. they couldn’t province whether they knew he had purpose to kill or non. A Remington It went on to oppugn whether psychopathology can find a defendant’s purpose at the clip the offense was committed. and concluded it could non. Douglas Schmidt â€Å"Behind â€Å"the Twinkie Defense† . Statement from Chief Defense Attorney Douglas Schmidt â€Å"I don’t think Twinkies were of all time mentioned in testimony. † He believes that he got of merely because he had a power of authorization over most. â€Å"Dr. Martin Blinder. † . MD. Web. 06 Mar. 2012. Former city manager of San Anselmo Scallen. Eileen A. â€Å"The Ethos of Expert Witnesses. † The Ethos of Expert Witnesses: Confusing the Admissibility. Sufficiency and Credibility of Expert Testimony. 1998. Web. Blinder who was white’s head-shrinkers says. â€Å"It’s absurd to believe that 12 in-between category householder jurymans would give a slayer even a partial base on balls on the footing of what he ate the dark before. † Blinder is angry at the fact that what you â€Å"claim† you have eaten can even but put in forepart of a jury. He was seeking to unclutter his name through all the slander they put him through merely by him stating that it’s a possibility that what you eat can do alterations in your organic structure. He did stat nevertheless that White was incapable of forethought slaying. The chief focal point was diminished capacity. He besides stated that Dan White â€Å"wanted to hold some apprehension as to what was traveling on. but because of his mental province. he could non treat this information in a constructive manner with deadly effects. Another Doctor. Dr. Solomon invoked footings of â€Å"uni-polar depressive reaction†-to define Dan White’s mental province. every bit good as explicating analogously â€Å"in laymen’s footings â€Å"during cross-examination that the suspect â€Å"was kind of on automatic pilot† during the shots. Dr. Solomon t estified that Dan White â€Å"did non hold a mental capacity. to maturely and meaningfully premeditate and deliberate. † .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb , .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .postImageUrl , .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb , .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb:hover , .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb:visited , .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb:active { border:0!important; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb:active , .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ac45e1004378aa90edc5bf918f9d2eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hunger Artist EssayCo-Counsel Stephen Scherr â€Å"Against the Twinkie Defense† Interview â€Å"The Dan White ( Harvey Milk Murder ) Trial ( 1979 ) â€Å"It thrusts me brainsick. † said co-counsel Scherr. who suspects the simplistic account provides screen for those who want to minimise and trivialise what happened. If he of all time strangles one of the people who says â€Å"Twinkie Defense† to him. Scherr said. it won’t be because he’s merely eaten a Twinkie. Defense Attorney Schmidt â€Å"Closing statement on the case† He stated how White was guilty stating that the lone issue was the grade ofduty. Stating how White was â€Å"a good adult male. a adult male of duty. but there was something atrocious incorrect with that man† . He claimed that â€Å"White had suffered from â€Å"diminished capacity† and in that province had acted in â€Å"the heat of passion which can obscure judgment† While on test. Schmidt turned the jury’s attending off from the offense itself and onto the emotional injury stating that â€Å"White had undergone since releasing his place as metropolis supervisor. â€Å"Good people. all right people. with all right backgrounds. merely don’t putting to death people in cold blood. † said Schmidt. â€Å"it merely doesn’t happen. and evidently some portion of him has non been presented this far. † Schmidt says that White’s offenses had been the merchandise of frenzied depression. â€Å"a despicable biochemical change† over which white had no control Dan White was the lone individual to utilize the Twinkie defence. Defense: â€Å"The Twinkie Defense† as it became known. is synonymous with the test of Dan White. White’s legal squad took the place that Dan was enduring from a long-standing and untreated depression that diminished his capacity to separate right from incorrect. Adept testimony by head-shrinker Dr. Martin Blinder noted White had changed his usually wellness witting diet to a diet that consisted of debris nutrient. Dr. Blinder pointed out that this alteration in diet was grounds of White’s depression. non a cause of it. This province of depression was used to set up evidences for a successful lessened capacity supplication convicting White of the lesser charge of voluntary manslaughter. Researchâ€Å"Myth of the ‘Twinkie Defense† Www. SFGate. com. Carol Pogash. 24 June 2011. Web. 06 Mar. 2012. .

Tourism promotes understanding free essay sample

Can international tourism promotes understanding between nations? BY 611 loll Every year, hundreds of millions of people move around to see a different part of the world. It is natural to assume that tourists who have seen other countries have a better knowledge of the people. That assumption also leads to the conclusion that international tourism promotes understanding between nations. How true is this? Let us examine what tourists do in a different country.First, before going abroad, tourists are often told by their travel agents of the possible shards which sometimes include local people. They are given example of extreme cases where victims are always the travelers. Then, when they arrive, they are immediately taken to their hotels in big coaches. They flood places where local people dont go. Their shopping, meals, entertainment all take place in secluded areas. They wear a bubble all the way. Apart from speaking to the guide and a few shop assistants, tourists rarely talk to the local people. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism promotes understanding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To make it even worse, they meet pickpockets, they are ripped off by dishonest traders. Furthermore, very few local people bother to talk to them out of a genuine Interest In the guests country, people and culture. Therefore, when asked how much they know about the local people, their answer Is very little. If someone really wants to understand a different culture, he has to learn Its language, stay there for at least a few month without wearing a bubble, learn how to curse and swear, bargain with a vegetable vendor and then he can say that he understands the people.

Origins of the ‘Lisp’ of Spain

Origins of the ‘Lisp’ of Spain If you study Spanish long enough, sooner or later youll hear a tale about Spanish King Ferdinand, who supposedly spoke with a lisp, causing Spaniards to imitate him in pronouncing the z and sometimes the c to be  pronounced with the th sound of thin. Oft-repeated Story Merely an Urban Legend In fact, some readers of this site have reported hearing the tale from their Spanish instructors. Its a great story, but its just that: a story. More precisely, its an urban legend, one of those stories that is repeated so often that people come to believe it. Like many other legends, it has enough truth- some Spaniards indeed do speak with something that the uninformed might call a lisp- to be believed, provided one doesnt examine the story too closely. In this case, looking at the story more closely would make one wonder why Spaniards dont also pronounce the letter s with a so-called lisp. Heres the Real Reason for the ‘Lisp’ One of the basic differences in pronunciation between most of Spain and most of Latin America is that the z is pronounced something like the English s in the West but like the unvoiced th of thin in Europe. The same is true of the c when it comes before an e or i. But the reason for difference has nothing to do with a long-ago king; the basic reason is the same as why U.S. residents pronounce many words differently than do their British counterparts. The fact is that all living languages evolve. And when one group of speakers is separated from another group, over time the two groups will part ways and develop their own peculiarities in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. Just as English speakers talk differently in the U.S., Canada, Great Britain, Australia, and South Africa, among others, so do Spanish speakers vary among Spain and the Latin American countries. Even within one country, including Spain, youll hear regional variations in pronunciation. And thats all were talking about with the lisp. So what we have is not a lisp or an imitated lisp, just a difference in pronunciation. The pronunciation in Latin America is no more correct, nor less, than that in Spain. There isnt always a specific explanation of why language changes in the way it does. But there is a plausible explanation given for this change, according to a graduate student who wrote to this site after the publication of an earlier version of this article. Heres what he said: As a graduate student of the Spanish language and a Spaniard, being confronted with people who know the origin of the lisp found in most of Spain is one of my pet peeves. I have heard the lisping king story many times, even from cultured people who are native Spanish speakers, though you will not hear it come from a Spaniard. Firstly, the ceceo is not a lisp. A lisp is the mispronunciation of the sibilant s sound. In Castilian Spanish, the sibilant s sound exists and is represented by the letter s. The ceceo comes in to represent the sounds made by the letters z and c followed by i or e. In medieval Castilian there were two sounds that eventually evolved into the ceceo, the à § (the cedilla) as in plaà §a and the z as in dezir. The cedilla made a /ts/ sound and the z a /dz/ sound. This gives more insight into why those similar sounds may have evolved into the ceceo. Pronunciation Terminology In the above student comment, the term ceceo is used to refer to the pronunciation of the z (and of c before  e or i). To be precise, however, the term ceceo refers to how the s is pronounced, namely the same as the z of most of Spain- so that, for example, sinc would be pronounced like roughly think instead of like sink. In most regions, this pronunciation of the s is considered substandard. When used precisely, ceceo doesnt refer to the pronunciation of the z, ci or ce, although that error is often made. Other Regional Variations in Pronunciation Although differences in the pronunciation of the z (and sometimes c) are the most well-known of the geographical differences in Spanish pronunciation, they arent the only ones. Another well-known regional variation involves yeà ­smo, the tendency, common almost everywhere, for the ll and the y to share to share the same sound. Thus, in most areas, pollo (chicken) and poyo (a type of bench) are pronounced alike. But in parts of South America, the sound of the ll can be something like the s in measure, also called a zh sound. And sometimes the sound can be something like the j or sh of English. Other regional variations include the softening or disappearance of the s sound and a merging of the l and r sounds. The cause of all these variations is much as the same as for the regional variations in the z- isolation of some speakers can lead to diverging pronunciations. Key Takeaways Languages such as English and Spanish that cover wide geographical areas tend to develop regional differences in pronunciation.Such a natural change in regional pronunciation- and not a long-ago royal edict as is sometimes believed- is responsible for the z (and c before e or i) being pronounced differently in Latin America than in Spain.Those used to the Latin American pronunciation should not think of the pronunciation of Spain ans being inferior, or vice versa- differences exist, but neither type of Spanish is inherently better.

Social Solidarity through Pop Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Solidarity through Pop Music - Essay Example Of the many artists, Bob Dylan and John Lennon exemplified the experience and in fact Jimi Hendrix had an album titled "Are You Experienced". This expressive revolution brought an audience together through a common bond and satisfied the pop music listener's quest for solidarity. It is not too much to say that the 1960s were the root of the expressive revolution of sacred realism through music. Breaking traditional forms of folk music by combining folk music and rock music, Bob Dylan was one of the most influential artists of the era and together with the Beatles were able to ignite a pop music revolution. The music was powerful and was able to unite listeners into a 'collective consciousness" by just appreciating their music together. Strangers passing on the street would be drawn together as friends by the acknowledgment of a familiar song. This collective solidarity gave the listener authenticity as well as a verification of a meaningful existence. This justification for one's life became the sacred authenticity that a generation was in search of. Breaking the mold and blending new styles opened the gates for listeners to detach from the tired past and experiment with their own identity. For Bob Dylan, unlike many artists who pursue only one style of music, Dylan did not stick with one genre. His music can be divided into many different genres such as folk, folk-rock, gospel, and country. Dylan's early music was inspired by a famous folk singer, Woody Guthrie, who had a great influence on the young Dylan. In a Los Angeles Times interview, Dylan said, "Woody's songs were about everything at the same time. They were about rich and poor, black and white, the highs and lows of life, the contradictions between what they were teaching in school and what was really happening" (Hilburn 2004). This indicated Dylan's understanding that integration meant collective. We were all one in search of a common medium. Dylan expressed current social issues through his lyrics as opposed to many traditional folk singers' upper class oriented musi c. His music was well blended with traditional instrumentation such as acoustic guitar, and harmonica. In addition, Dylan broke the stereotypical ideology that folk music cannot exist without its traditional form. By 'going electric' at the Newport Folk Festival, Dylan defied the norm and explored a revolutionary act that was widely criticized as a commercial sell out. However, Dylan had opened the door to his own identity and had invited millions of listeners to join him. Those that had been categorized for decades were free to become a part of the new consciousness. As Eyerman and Jamison contend, "The musician, songwriter, or composer must first learn the notation and the melodic and rhythmic procedures of the tradition in order to make music; otherwise it could not be passed on. But, at the same time, artistic creation requires that those rules be broken, or at least amended, so that the tradition can be rejuvenated by adding something new to it" (29). Dylan was able combine our cultures in a way that gave us an unspoken agreement and a silent bond that would soon become sacred. This bond would become a large part of our new identity. In his Los Angeles Times

Violence In Televison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Violence In Televison - Essay Example Moreover, children in society tend to emulate whatever they see on television as a means of living their life for example, with superhero movies there have been so many cases of children trying to imitate superhero powers and jumping off buildings in an attempt to fly. Violence refers to extreme aggression being executed by physical or mental force and occurs when a person gets very angry and is not able to control his anger and is depicted a great deal on television. Due to the same, it does have an impact on society and contributes to violence in society in many ways. (F, Seymour, and Robert D. Singer) 1: Therefore, the following questions is posed; does violence shown on television in the form of television shows, movies and even advertisement have an impact on the minds of both adults and children and subsequently contribute to violence in society? Television programs today have an array of subjects ranging from criminal activities to investigative shows where crimes being commit ted in neighbourhoods, among families and even on a global scale are depicted and appeal to viewers the most. (Henrey J Kaiser Foundation) From the point of view of the channel or the directors of the show, such shows are mostly in the form of thrillers and suspense which tend to arouse a great deal of interest in the minds of the audience and are thus good for increasing the ratings. However, these shows depict a great deal of violence, which is harmful for audience of all ages to watch. Moreover, the shows may also have explicit violent content which may scar the minds of people. The shows easily portray scheming, violent physical activity, criminal activities such as theft and murder and thrive on these subjects where the criminals are normal people living ‘normal’ lives by the day and committing such activities by night. This obviously has a very negative impact on the audience. These shows that display such explicit violent content tend to get ingrained in the mind s of the viewers as they begin to use the language as used in the show, however offensive it might be and tend to act in the same manner as the actors on the show in similar situations. (Anderson, Kerby) For example, if on the show a man becomes violent and aggressive in a petty issue like parking his car or talking to the traffic police, people watching the show tend to use the same angst while dealing with a similar daily situation because they feel that using aggression will get them what they want which may be equal to what treatment the actor got on the television show. (Huesmann, L.R, and J. Podolski) Moreover, if children tend to view these television series and shows the effect is even worse on them because they are at a stage in their lives where their minds are still growing and developing and they are gullible towards all kinds of situations. Many parents and older people do not think twice before letting their children sit with them and view television serials that might not be suitable for them. Violence being shown on television thus gets imprinted on their minds and this violence tends to come out in society when they deal with similar situations. 2: Are children affected worse by violence shown on television as compared to adults? Children, more than adults, are not able

Crime Control Essay Example for Free

Crime Control Essay Crime has become as multifaceted as human nature, impinging on communities and threatening human rights and freedoms. Has the impact of criminal activity become extremely intense, that we as society members have strayed away from honesty and justice? Are individuals no longer valuing integrity and fairness? Criminal justice organizations both public and private sectors goals are to reduce crime within the communities and regain the trust and confidence in a fair and just system for law-abiding citizens. In the process of achieving a fair and just society, due process and crime control tactics must adhere to the ethical dimensions of the criminal justice system. I am prepared to introduce a synopsis that highlights key ethical issues in the justice system that is directly affected by ethical motives. Honesty versus Justice within the Communities Trust is a factor that is lacking within the communities, and the question in mind is how will the criminal justice organization rehabilitate the issue and let justice prevail. Justice is often defined as fairness or the suitable rewards or retribution. Justice focuses more on a person’s rights more than the needs of an individual. So how can justice prevail if community members are fighting against law enforcement, and honesty among officers and the community is obsolete? In many cases, even when people notice a crime, they often turn the other way. According to NPR (2010), â€Å"Witnesses to crimes involving things like gang activities can often be scared away from giving information to police. It does not help that a stop snitching philosophy has been promoted by some hip-hop artists and many urban communities† (para 2). After past incidents of bad treatment by the outside world and law enforcement, it has become a mainstream thought in many minority communities law enforcement is not to be trusted. And if the community cannot trust police officials, the people in the community will not step forward and be honest and aid in the investigations. Police Departments are committed to working with the communities to recognize and resolve community problems. There are departments of employees dedicated to working collectively through an assortment of programs. These programs and services are created in hope that trust and justice will be incorporated back into the community and law enforcement agencies will be able to optimistically impact the community’s quality of life as well as highlight the strengths of neighborhoods. Due Process and Crime Control Tactics Law enforcement has integrated strategies into the communities to prevent and solve crimes that are affecting citizen’s quality of life. Crimes such as theft, burglary, and vandalism are a few areas law enforcement has turned their focus on. Local law enforcement organizations will have to become accustomed to existing policing programs to fulfill the requirements of security. The goal of due process and crime control is to enhance the effectiveness of the community. When the community trusts and believes in the justice field, community members will be more prone to assisting law enforcement. Due process ensures the law is being incorporated in the tactics to prevent and stop criminal acts. Another way for law enforcement to gain the trust and respect of the community is to offer up incentives that demonstrates community enhancements. increased involvement from groups in public decision making increases access to material resources and financial opportunities for underprivileged groups changes in public policy to achieve greater and meet the needs of diverse groups increases in suitable, available community services and common interest groups developing more early childhood and youth programs within the communities Law enforcement organizations have sought to investigate the causes of crime within the communities and lower the level from the hearts of the people being affected by criminal acts. Through the construction of successful joint venture with the community and public and private sectors problem solving procedures are being implemented and ethical standards and being followed. In the awaken of September 11th incident, law enforcement agencies discover that they are understanding that it is important to identify the responsibilities and create goals goals that will reduce crime within the communities and regain the trust and confidence in a fair and just system for law-abiding citizens. According to Lane Henry 2010, ‘People argue for longer term strategies aimed at dealing with the political, social, economic and cultural factors associated with crime. In doing so, we explore the potential of community development to contribute to crime prevention, particularly community or street crime and violence. Theoretical and practice intersections between community development and certain crime prevention approaches are identified notably those which link crime and violence with dis-empowerment, poverty, inequality, exclusion, the learning of violence within families and communities, and lack of opportunity for children and young people to develop their potential† (para 1). Conclusion Crime has become as multifaceted as human nature, impinging on communities and threatening human rights and freedoms. The impact of criminal activity has become extremely intense, that we as society members have strayed away from honesty and justice. Law enforcement agencies are working extremely hard to rebuild the union that has been broken. Individuals are no longer valuing integrity and fairness, but with the support from law enforcement, trust will be regained and community members will be more prone to step up and offer assistance. Criminal justice organizations both public and private sectors goals are to reduce crime within the communities and recover the trust and confidence in a fair and just system for law-abiding citizens. In the process of achieving a fair and just society, due process and crime control tactics must adhere to the ethical dimensions of the criminal justice system. I have identified ethical issues in the justice system that is directly affected by ethical motives and come to the conclusion that dedication from both parties is the answer to rebuilding a broken society.

Use of Humor in Erdrichs Tracks Essay -- Erdrich Tracks

Use of Humor in Erdrich's Tracks  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   An old adage claims that laughter is the best medicine to cure human ailments.   Although this treatment might sound somewhat unorthodox, its value as a remedy can be traced back to ancient times when Hypocrites, in his medical treatise, stressed the importance of   â€Å"a gay and cheerful mood on the part of the physician and patient fighting disease† (Bakhtin 67).   Aristotle viewed laughter as man’s quintessential privilege:   â€Å"Of all living creatures only man is endowed with laughter† (Bakhtin 68).   In the Middle Ages, laughter was an integral part of folk culture.   â€Å"Carnival festivities and the comic spectacles and ritual connected with them had an important place in the life of medieval man† (Bakhtin 5).   During the trauma and devastation of German bombing raids on London during World War II, the stubborn resilience of British humor emerged to sustain the spirit of the people and the courage of the nation.   To laugh, even in the face of death, is a compelling force in the human condition.   Humor, then, has a profound impact on the way human beings experience life.   In Louise Erdrich’s novel Tracks, humor provides powerful medicine as the Chippewa tribe struggles for their physical, spiritual, and cultural survival at the beginning of the twentieth century.   While the ability to approach life with a sense of humor is not unique to any one society, it is an intrinsic quality of Native American life.   â€Å"There is, and always has been, humor among Indians . . . † (Lincoln 22).  Ã‚   In deference to their history, this can best be described as survival humor, one which â€Å"transcends the void, questions fatalism, and outlasts suffering† (Lincoln 45).   Through their capacity to draw common... ...emain the contrary powers of Indian humor† (Lincoln 5).   For the Chippewa, this humor provides powerful medicine for the physical, cultural, and spiritual preservation of their tribe.  Ã‚        Works Cited   Bakhtin, Mikhail.   Rabelais and His World.   Bloomington:   Indiana UP, 1984.   Erdrich Louise.   Tracks.   New York:   Harper Collins, 1988.   Ghezzi, Ridie Wilson.   â€Å"Nanabush Stories from the Ojibwe.†Ã‚   Coming to Light.   Ed. Brian Swann.   1st ed.   New York:   Random House, 1994.   Lincoln, Kenneth.   Indi’n Humor.   New York:   Oxford UP, 1993.   Sergi, Jennifer.   â€Å"Storytelling:   Tradition and Preservation in Louise Erdrich’s Tracks.†Ã‚   World Literature Today   66   (Spring 1992):   279-282.   Towers, Margie.   â€Å"Continuity and Connection:   Characters in Louise Erdrich’s Fiction.†Ã‚   American Indian Culture and Research Journal   16   (1992):   99-115.     

Health Dissertation ideas †Applied Musculoskeletal Podiatry

Introduction Pathology that causes metatarsalgia Morton’s Neuroma can be described as a perineural fibrosis and nerve compression of the common digital nerve. This condition often occurs in the second and third intermetatarsal spaces, although it can be seen in other intermetatarsal spaces (Pace, Scammell and Dhar, 2010). According to Adams (2010) neuroma may be bilateral, are more prevalent in female adults starting their third decade of life. Whilst the actual cause of Morton’s neuroma is not clear, it is believed to be associated with hypermobility of the metatarsals, in addition to repetitive motions which ultimately grind nerves in metatarsals. There are suggestions from anecdotal studies that Morton’s neuroma is directly linked to crush injuries or repetitive running or jumping motions. The results of such repetitive actions may lead to damage or injury on the area of the forefoot. There is also the possibility of structural misalignment and mechanical abnormalities that may be experienced at the forefoot, which may consequently lead to creation of symptomatic Morton’s neuroma (Pace, Scammell and Dhar, 2010). Structural misalignment in this case may refer to lateral compression of foot, which can lead to invariable pain when inflamed bursa is squeezed between the metatarsal heads. Hauser (2011) observes that one of the most common structural concerns is the possibility that lax in intermetatarsal ligament may cause inter-digital nerve tissue to shift into a wrong place, particularly in between the areas of metatarsal heads and be subject to comprehensive trauma. The common subjective history based on patients’ reports is usually characterised by numbness and tingling, and radiating and burning pain. Patients’ reports also suggest that the pain is localised at the plantar aspect of the specific intermetatarsal space, although it can also extend itself and radiate into other adjacent toes of the infected person (Berry, Gonzalez, Bowman, 2012). Patients often describe their feeling of â€Å"lump† on the foot’s bottom. Significantly, these symptoms may rise when the infected carries out a weight-bearing activity. Reports indicate that closed-toed shoes, particularly the tight-fitting ones can lead to increase in symptoms, and patients report relief after they remove or change their shoes (Summers, 2010). Relief may also be experienced when the patient massages their foot or moves the toes around. Aetiology of this condition and how it would be recognised clinically Research has established that Morton’s neuroma is unique in terms of clinical diagnostic requirements or needs (Drury, 2011). This is because although patients frequently report symptoms such as numbness, there is evidence that sensory deficit may or may not be found when the patient goes through examination. Drury (2011) observes that there may be a demonstration of splaying or divergence of the digits when clinical presentation is carried out, and that more often than not little or no edema or inflammation can be observed clinically. Typically, reproducing pain with palpation to the intermetatarsal space is a normal activity, but care must be taken to put the pressure in the space, and avoid the metatarsal heads. There have been various clinical strategies to assist clinicians effectively diagnose Morton’s neuroma. Schreiber et al (2011); Faraj and Hosur (2010) report that patients may demonstrate a Mulder’s sign, which is provoked by squeezing the forefoot and conducting application of plantar and dorsal pressure. In other words, clinical test for Morton’s neuroma has all along been to compress the foot by applying pressure to the medical and lateral aspects of the foot at the metatarsophangeal joints, which in turn puts pressure on nerves (Pastides, El-Sallakh and Charalambides, 2010: 503). A positive clinical test outcome involves a pop or click that can be felt and heard at the same time. This pop or click is usually painful to the patient. There is a possibility of replicating symptoms of Morton’s neuroma in a process involving Gauthier’ test, where the forefoot is squeezed and medial to lateral pressure is applied (Beltran et al., 2010). Mayo Clinic (2010) has subsequently described a test consisting of hyperextending the toes and rolling the thumb of the examiner in the area of symptoms, a process that may identify a tender, thickened, and longitudinal mass of flesh. Clinical findings also indicate that Morton’s neuroma may also show Tinel’s sign as well as Valleix phenomenon (Berry, Gonzalez and Bowman, 2012). The other pathway for detecting Morton’s neuroma is diagnostic testing. This process involves plain radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (Summers, 2010). Radiographs are routinely ordered to rule out musculoskeletal pathology, even though rise in proximity of the adjacent metatarsal heads is believed to result in increased pressure of the intermetatarsal nerve. Furthermore, Hause (2010) found no significant correlation between radiographic findings and the clinical presence of neuromas. In addition, there is the recommendation to use ultrasound in the diagnostic evaluation of the interspaces (Hause, 2010). Drury (2011: 19) observes that there is a likelihood of a neuroma appearing as an ovoid mass with hypoechoic signal-mass to the long axis of the metatarsals. . Adams (2010), however, advises that although MRI is a useful diagnostic tool, it should always be reserved for atypical presentations or to eliminate multiple neuromas. Significantly, neuroma can be best identified on T1 weighted images, and it’s likely to come out as a well-demarcated mass with minimal signal intensity. In summary, clinical diagnostic approach to identify Morton’s neuroma can be achieved by ensuring that examination and diagnostic testing has ruled out any other etiologies of symptoms. Conservative treatment intervention for Morton’s neuroma No best treatment interventions have been identified in the literature for treatment of Morton’s neuroma. Conservative intervention for Morton’s neuroma is considered to be one of the best treatments alternatives for the condition. However, some of the common conservative treatment options involve changing shoe type, use of metatarsal pads, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, administering sclerosing alcohol injections, and surgically transposing the offending nerve (Summers, 2010). Many doctors and physical therapists have recommended that patients are put to rest for a specific period of time, and reduce activities that may elicit pain (Pastides, El-Sallakh and Charalambides, 2012). Injections as an intervention Various clinical studies have exposed the need to consider injection as a better treatment option for Morton’s neuroma over other non-surgical treatment options available. In a study conducted by Drury (2010) different conservative treatment measures often produce similar results. In a small randomised prospective study of 23 patients, the researchers compared reduction in neuroma pain when supinatory or pronatory insoles are used. In the study, there was no explicit inclusion or exclusion criteria other than clinical diagnosis, and no participant or evaluator was considered blind to the intervention allocations. The study had 13 percent of the participants (two patients) drop out after one month into the experiment. After 12 months, pain in the supination and pronation insole groups reduced by 50 percent and 45 percent, respectively- a reduction considered insignificant. In another study, a physically active 25-year-old female with diagnosed symptomatic Morton’s neuroma was put through a massage therapy sessions. The six-session massage therapy involved a 60-75 minute weekly massage exercise involving postural alignment in addition to localised foot and leg treatment. The patient was also put to complete at-home daily exercise, with a weekly monitoring of change by the therapist who reassessed the patient’s posture and ensuring the client fills out a pain survey based on a Visual Analog Scale. The results indicated progressive change on the side of the client in terms of pain character. Specific patient report indicates that the pain character changed from burning and stabbing to dull and pulsing sensation after three sessions. There was also a reduction in pain during exercise. Although this study suggests that massage therapy is a significant treatment for Morton’s neuroma, its weakness is based on the fact that the treatment only involved one client. No study has indicated the effectiveness of the method on a larger randomised control studies. In a prospective randomised study involving 82 patients, the researchers compared steroid injections alone based on shoe modifications (Berry, Gonzalez and Bowman 2012). Some of the recorded primary outcomes were patient satisfaction, which is basically the presence or absence of pain, the pain intensity, and return of pain afterwards. The results of the study indicated that steroid injections yielded better outcome in terms of patient satisfaction, compared with other conservative options such as shoe modifications alone. In this study, 23 percent of shoe-modification patients achieved complete satisfaction after one month of intervention. This was significantly lower than the 50 percent of patients who experienced significant pain reduction after one month of steroid injection. After six months, 28.6 percent of the participants experienced satisfaction with shoe modification, significantly lower than 73.5 percent satisfaction amongst those who had received injection. Although the difference was significant lower after one year with 63 percent satisfaction with shoe modification and 82 percent with injection, the reduction could have occurred because patients were allowed to cross over after six months. The researchers observed that no complications were reported, although the study was limited by a high cross-over rate from shoe modification group to injection group after 6moths. Some studies have investigated other techniques such as the use of sclerosing effects of alcohol (Pastides, El-Sallakh and Charalambides, 2012; Schreiber, 2011; Beltran, 2010; Pace, Scammell and Dhar, 2010), where delivery is done by multiple injections guided by ultrasound techniques over time. Improvements were reported in term of clients’ satisfaction with no long-term adverse effects in various case series. It is mostly recommended that even as an injection is used as the chosen treatment option, other supplementary management options such as shoe adjustments and calf-stretching exercises should also be implemented concurrently. However, in case the conservative interventions fail to work, many patients may be advised to undergo surgery to remove the neuroma or just to release pressure from ligaments. Studies have, however, indicated that 15 to 20 percent of these surgeries will not relieve the patient from pain, and may also lead to various complications such as local post-surgery infections, scar tissue, and damage of soft tissues which may affect normal foot functions. It has also been established that there is a possibility of neuroma recurring after the surgery. Conclusion Whilst the exact cause of Morton’s neuroma is not known, the common belief is that it is caused by hypermobility of the metatarsals. This may also be aggravated by repetitive motions involving grinding of nerve bundle. The common symptoms are patients describing their feeling of â€Å"lump† on the foot’s bottom. These symptoms may increase when the patient engages in weight-bearing activity. Research has established that symptoms that may be associated with Morton’s neuroma may not necessarily mean a person is suffering from the complication. This is why clinical diagnosis is often recommended. One of the most common clinical strategies that may be beneficial to clinicians diagnosing Morton’s neuroma is patients demonstrating Mulder’s sign. A positive clinical test outcome involves a pop or click that can be felt and heard at the same time. Clinical findings also indicate that Morton’s neuroma may also show Tinel’s sign as well as Valleix phenomenon (Berry, Gonzalez and Bowman, 2012). Although there are various conservative therapies used to manage Morton’s neuroma complications including rest, weight loss, and exercise for muscle strengthening, orthotics, massage therapy, physiotherapy, and manipulation, these methods are found to be very effective. It’s against this backdrop that injection is found to be a more effective way of managing the complication as reported by clients’ satisfaction studies. Injection may involve steroid injection, local anaesthetic injections or sclerosant injections. Injections have been found to yield better outcome in terms of patient satisfaction, compared with other conservative options such as shoe modifications alone. It has also been established that there are no complications reported in injections. Medical practitioners, however, recommend that patients may be advised to undergo surgical intervention in case conservative interventions fail to yield desired results. References Adams WR. (2010). Morton’s neuroma. Clin Podiatr Med Surg., (2)7: 535-545. Beltran LS, Bencardino J, Ghazikhanian V, Beltran J. (2010). Entrapment neuropathies III; lower limb. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol, 14: 501-111. Berry K, Gonzalez P, and Bowman RG. (2012). Physical Medicine and Treatment for Morton Neuroma. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/308284-overview [Accessed November 17, 2014.]. Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans R, et al. (2010). Effectiveness of manual therapies: the UK evidence report, Chiropractic & Osteopathy, 18(3):1–33 Drury AL. (2011). Use of homeopathic injection therapy in treatment of Morton’s neuroma. Altern Ther Health Med, 2(1) 17-48. Faraj A, and Hosur A. (2010). The outcomes after using two different approaches for excision of Morton’s neuroma. Chinese Medical Journal, 12 (3): 2195- 2198. Hauser R. (2011). A retrospective observational study on Hackett-Hemwall dextrose prolotherapy for unresolved foot and toe pain at an outpatient charity clinical in rural Illinois. J of Prolotherapy 2 (3): 543-551. Mayo Clinic. (2010). Morton’s Neuroma. [Accessed September 16, 2010]. Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/mortons-neuroma/DS00468. Published & Updated October 5, 2010. Pastides P, El-Sallakh S, Charalambides C. (2012) Morton’s neuroma: A clinical versus radiological diagnosis. Foot Ankle Surg, 18: 22-4. Pace A, Scammell B, Dhar S. (2010). The outcome of Morton’s neurectomy in the treatment of metatarsalgia. Int Orthop, 3 (4):511-5. Schreiber K, Khodaee M, Poddar S, Tweed EM. (2011). Clinical Inquiry. What is the best way to treat Morton’s neuromaInt Orthop, 60: 157-158. Summers A. (2010). Diagnosis and treatment of Morton’s neuroma. Emerg Nurse, 1(8): 16-17.

The Industrial Revolution Highs And Lows - 1975 Words

Esther Lee Mrs. Lordi Honors English 9 18 April 2016 The Industrial Revolution: Highs and Lows A paradox is a statement that seems self-contradictory, but it can sometimes express the truth in life. Charles Dickens once referred to the French Revolution in his novel A Tale of Two Cities as â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. . .† (Dickens 1). The statement is easily applied to many other time periods in history like the American Industrial Revolution. From the early 1800s to the early 1900s, this revolution had many pros and cons that affected the American society. The United States was predominantly an agricultural nation in the 1800s. The early stages of the American Industrial Revolution started in the†¦show more content†¦It is evident that the American Industrial Revolution was composed of good times and bad times. The use of assembly lines for faster production played a major part in the Industrial Revolution since the strategy generated large profits for the factory owners. Assembly lines were used in the Ford Company which was the practice of moving the work from one worker to another until the product was finished (Nardo, United States 63). The strategy was shown to be very efficient and fast. For example, in 1909, Ford was making almost 11,000 Model Ts compared to the 65 cars the company had been building each year before assembly lines were used. In 1910, almost 19,000 Model Ts were built (Evans 18). A year after Ford’s introducing the assembly line, the amount of time to assemble a car reduced from 12 hours and 28 minutes to two hours and 38 minutes. After another year, the production time dropped to an hour and 33 minutes (DiBacco 125). By 1914, a car was coming down the assembly line every 40 seconds (Evans 19). Ford not only made millions of cars by 1920, but he also had specta cular sales. In 1916, Ford made and sold 739,000 Model Ts, which was half of all new cars made in the US (Nardo, United States 63). Assembly lines would later be used in other companies who hoped to bring a similar success rate in mass production and in sales as Ford did. Additionally, inventors in the Industrial Revolution created new technology that reduced the extensive